Male Fertility

Spermiogenesis Freezing of Spermatozoa Bibliography

Male fertility depends on

The quality and number of spermatozoa
The epididymal maturation where motility and oocyte binding properties appear.
The mixing with seminal plasma which initiates the capacitation
And finally, the media and physiological conditions met in the female genital tract.
Conservation techniques have to slow down the metabolism of the cells while maintaining their fertilization potential. This can be achieved by freezing.
Spermatogenesis
The production of spermatozoa by the testis needs:

Multiplication of spermatogonia giving rise to primary spermatocytes.
Their DNA is duplicated before entering meiosis and the long prophase of meiosis is characterised by the rearrangements of paternal and maternal genes along the chromosomes.
After the prophase, two specific divisions produce respectively
secondary spermatocytes
and round spermatids (haploid cells)

The spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa during spermiogenesis.
In vertebrates, the germ cells are not autonomous. They depend on Sertoli cells for nutrient supply, hormonal targeting and specific organization of the seminiferous epithellium.

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